| Plant |
Part(s)
|
Spr
|
Sum
|
Fall
|
| Aceraceae |
|
|
|
|
|
Acer spp. (maple)
|
sap |
X-early
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Acoraceae |
|
|
|
|
|
Acorus calamus (calamus, sweet flag)
|
rhizome |
X
|
X
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Alismataceae |
|
|
|
|
|
Sagittaria spp. (arrowhead, wapatoo)
|
tubers |
|
|
X-late
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Amaranthaceae |
|
|
|
|
|
Amaranthus spp. (amaranth, pigweed)
|
young
shoot |
X
|
|
|
| " |
seeds |
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Anacardiaceae |
|
|
|
|
|
Rhus spp. (sumac)
|
fruit
[=berries] |
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Annonaceae |
|
|
|
|
|
Asimina triloba (pawpaw, custard
apple)
|
fruit
[="berries"] |
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Apiaceae |
|
|
|
|
|
Daucus carota (wild carrot, Queen
Annes lace)
|
taproot |
X
|
X
|
X
|
| " |
fruit
[=schizocarp] |
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Aristolochiaceae |
|
|
|
|
|
Asarum spp. (wild ginger)
|
rhizome |
X
|
X
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Asclepiadaceae |
|
|
|
|
|
Asclepias syriaca [& other spp.?]
(milkweed)
|
young
shoots |
X
|
|
|
| " |
young
leaves |
X
|
X
|
|
| " |
buds |
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Asteraceae |
|
|
|
|
|
Arctium spp. (burdock)
|
taproot |
|
X
|
|
|
Cichorium intybus (chicory)
|
young
crowns |
X
|
|
|
| " |
taproot |
X
|
X
|
X
|
|
Helianthus annuus (sunflower)
|
fruits
[=achenes] |
|
X
|
|
|
H. tuberosus (Jerusalem artichoke)
|
tuber |
|
|
X-late
|
|
Inula helenium (elecampane)
|
root |
|
|
X-late
|
|
Lactuca canadensis, L. serriola [&
other spp.?] (wild lettuce)
|
leaves/young
shoots |
X-early
|
|
|
|
Sonchus spp. (sow thistle
|
young
leaves |
X
|
|
|
|
Taraxacum spp. (dandelion)
|
young
crowns |
X
|
|
|
| " |
taproot |
X
|
X
|
X
|
| " |
"flower"
[=head] |
X
|
X
|
X
|
|
Tragopogon spp. (salsify, vegetable
oyster)
|
taproot
[first-year plants] |
X
|
X
|
X
|
| " |
young
leaves |
X
|
|
|
|
Tussilago farfara (coltsfoot)
|
leaves |
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Balsaminaceae |
|
|
|
|
|
Impatiens capensis (jewelweed,
touch-me-not)
|
young
shoots |
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Berberidaceae |
|
|
|
|
|
Berberis thunbergii (Japanese
barberry)
|
fruit
[=berries] |
|
|
X
|
|
Podophyllum peltatum (May apple)
|
fruit
[=berry] |
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Betulaceae |
|
|
|
|
|
Betula lenta (sweet birch)
|
sap |
X-early
|
|
|
| " |
twigs |
X
|
X
|
X
|
|
Corylus americana (American
hazelnut)
|
fruit
[nuts] |
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Brassicaceae |
|
|
|
|
|
Arabis spp. (rock cress)
|
young
leaves |
X-early
|
|
|
| " |
buds |
X
|
|
|
|
Armoracia rusticana (horse-radish)
|
rhizome |
X
|
X
|
X
|
| " |
leaves |
X-early
|
|
|
|
Barbarea verna, B. vulgaris (winter
cress)
|
leaves |
X-early
|
|
|
| " |
buds |
X
|
|
|
|
Brassica nigra [& other spp.?]
(mustard)
|
leaves |
X-early
|
|
|
| " |
buds |
X
|
(X)
|
|
| " |
seeds |
|
X
|
|
|
Capsella bursa-pastoris (shepherds
purse)
|
young
leaves |
X-early
|
|
|
|
Dentaria spp. (crinkleroot,
pepperroot)
|
rhizome |
X
|
X
|
X
|
|
Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum
(water-cress)
|
leaves |
X
|
X
|
X
|
| " |
shoots |
X
|
X
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Caprifoliaceae |
|
|
|
|
|
Sambucus canadensis (common elder,
elderberry)
|
flowers |
|
X
|
|
| " |
fruit
[=berries] |
|
X
|
X
|
|
Triosteum spp. (tinkers weed, wild
coffee, horse gentian)
|
fruit
[=drupes] |
|
|
X
|
|
Viburnum spp. (black-haw, highbush
cranberry, nannyberry or wild
raisin)
|
Fruit
[=drupes] |
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Caryophyllaceae |
|
|
|
|
|
Stellaria media (chickweed)
|
shoots |
X
|
X
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Chenopodiaceae |
|
|
|
|
|
Chenopodium spp. (lambs-quarters)
|
young
shoots |
X
|
(X)
|
(X)
|
| " |
seeds |
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Cupressaceae |
|
|
|
|
|
Juniperus virginiana (red-cedar)
|
shoots |
X
|
X
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Cyperaceae |
|
|
|
|
|
Cyperus esculentus (chufa, yellow
nut-grass)
|
tubers |
X
|
X
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Ebenaceae |
|
|
|
|
|
Diospyros virginiana (persimmon)
|
fruit
[=berries] |
|
|
X-late
|
| " |
leaves |
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Ericaceae |
|
|
|
|
|
Gaultheria procumbens (wintergreen)
|
leaves |
X
|
X
|
X
|
| " |
fruit
[="berries"] |
|
|
X
|
|
Gaylussacia baccata (huckleberry)
|
berries |
|
X
|
X
|
|
Vaccinium spp. (blue-, cranberry)
|
berries |
|
X
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Fabaceae |
|
|
|
|
|
Apios americana (groundnut, Indian
potato)
|
tubers |
X
|
X
|
X
|
|
Robinia pseudo-acacia (black locust)
|
flowers |
|
X
|
|
|
Trifolium pratense (clover)
|
flowers |
X
|
X
|
|
| " |
tops
(fls+shoots) |
X
|
X
|
|
|
Wisteria spp. (wisteria)
|
flowers |
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Fagaceae |
|
|
|
|
|
Fagus grandifolia (American beech)
|
fruit
[nuts] |
|
|
|
| Quercus
spp. (oak) |
fruit
["acorns"
=nuts]
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Juglandaceae |
|
|
|
|
|
Carya spp. (hickory)
|
fruit
[=nuts] |
|
|
X
|
|
Juglans cinerea, J. nigra (butternut,
black walnut, respectively)
|
fruit
[=nuts] |
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Lamiaceae |
|
|
|
|
|
Hedeoma pulegioides (American
pennyroyal
|
leaves |
|
X
|
X
|
|
Marrubium vulgare (horehound)
|
leaves |
|
X
|
X
|
|
Mentha piperita, M. spicata
(peppermint, spearmint,
respectively)
|
leaves |
|
X
|
X
|
|
Nepeta cataria (catnip)
|
leaves |
|
X
|
X
|
|
Monarda spp. (bee-balm, wild
bergamot, horsemint, Oswego tea)
|
leaves |
|
X
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Lauraceae |
|
|
|
|
|
Lindera benzoin (spicebush)
|
twigs |
X
|
X
|
X
|
| " |
fruit
[=berries] |
|
|
X
|
|
Sassafras albidum (sassafras)*
|
root |
X
|
X
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Liliaceae |
|
|
|
|
|
Allium canadense, A. tricoccum (wild
onion, wild leek or ramp,
respectively)
|
leaves |
X
|
|
|
| " |
bulb |
X
|
|
|
|
Medeola virginiana (Indian
cucumber)
|
rhizome |
X
|
X
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Asparagus officinalis (asparagus)
|
young
shoot |
X
|
|
|
|
Hemerocallis spp. (daylily)*
|
buds |
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Malvaceae |
|
|
|
|
|
Malva neglecta (common mallow)
|
fruit
[=mericarps] |
|
X
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Moraceae |
|
|
|
|
|
Morus alba, M. rubra (mulberry)
|
fruit
[=aggregate
"berries"]
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Onagraceae |
|
|
|
|
|
Oenothera spp. (evening primrose)
|
roots |
X
|
X
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Phytolaccaceae |
|
|
|
|
|
Phytolacca americana (pokeberry)
|
young
shoots |
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Pinaceae |
|
|
|
|
|
Pinus spp. (pine)
|
needles |
X
|
X
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Plantaginaceae |
|
|
|
|
|
Plantago spp. (plaintain)
|
young
leaves |
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Polygonaceae |
|
|
|
|
|
Polygonum cuspidatum (Japanese
knotweed)
|
young
shoots |
X
|
|
|
|
Rumex spp. (dock)`
|
young
leaves |
X-early
|
|
|
|
|
|
|